Asian Elephants and Poo Poo Paper

Asian Elephants

Asian elephants are sometimes known as Indian elephants. They are one of the three living species of elephant. Asian elephants are found mostly in India, Indochina, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Asian elephants are smaller than African elephants and Asian elephants also have smaller ears. This is one of the best ways to tell Asian elephants apart from African elephants. The height of an Asian elephant ranges from 7-12 feet and they weigh approximately 3.25 to 5.5 tons. There are other physical characteristics that separate Asian elephants from their African counterparts. They have a more arched back and also have more nails on the feet. While both male and female African elephants have tusks, female Asian elephants usually do not have these tusks. Females that do have tusks often have tusks that are small and hard to see.

Behavior of Asian Elephants

Elephants travel in migratory routes that are seasonal in nature. These routes often take the Asian elephants through wet and dry zones. The oldest member of the herd is the elephant charged with remembering where the routes lead. Asian elephants live for about 60 years when they are in the wild and 80 years when they are in zoos and other captive environments. The females live in small groups that are led by the oldest female in the group. The herd that elephants travel in consists of relative elephants. Male elephants are called bull elephants. They like to travel alone and often become involved in conflicts over female elephants during the mating season.

Domestic Use of Asian Elephants

Asian elephants have been domesticated for many purposes. In Southern and Southeast Asia, elephants have been used for forestry purposes because their tusks and large size make it easy for them to knock down small trees and brush. Asian elephants have also been used during ceremonies for many centuries. Some areas charge money to tourists to see Asian elephants in the wild, but it is difficult to do this because elephants may damage property.

Danger of Asian Elephants

Because of their size, Asian elephants are rather dangerous. They have tusks and large bodies that can be used to destroy property and cause harm to humans and other animals. Adult males are particularly aggressive because of the surge in testosterone they experience after they go through puberty. This aggression gives them the ability to cause a lot of damage in a short amount of time.

Subspecies of Asian Elephants

There are four subspecies of Asian elephants. The Indian elephant (E. m. indicus) lives in southern India, northwest India, and the foothills of the Himalayans. This subspecies has males that usually have tusks. The Sri Lankan elephant (E. m. maximus) only lives in Sri Lanka. Most of the elephants do not have tusks whether they are male or female. The Sumatran elephant (E. m. sumatrensis) lives in Sumatra. This elephant is sometimes known as the pocket elephant because of its small size. The Borneo elephant (E. m. borneensis) is the smallest subspecies and lives in north Borneo. Even though this is the smallest subspecies, it has the biggest ears.

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Endangered Elephants

Being mammals themselves, humans tend to have more passion and concern for other mammals, especially the ones that are endangered. Firstly, what mostly differs mammals from other animals is the existence of vertebrates in their anatomy, and the fact that the females produce milk to feed the young, among other things. IUCN says that there are about 1100 endangered or threatened mammal species, which makes roughly 20% of all mammals. That said, lets look at one of the most endangered species of them on our planet.

There are two types of elephants, the main difference being the size, the African, which is bigger, and the Asian. The African, of course, comes from Africa, and lives in all kinds of habitats, from dense forests, savannahs, through marshes, semidesserts, to grasslands and desserts. It feeds on a variety of plants, like grass, or leafs and twigs from trees, fruits when available. They show remarkable intelligence when feeding sometimes, knocking down trees to reach the to higher edible parts, or digging in search of roots or underground water. Due to this healthy digestion, they live up to 60 years old in the wild, and even 80 in captivity. Their age can be determined by the length of time their grinding teeth last. Without them, the elephant can't chew his food, and will die.

The reduction in the African elephants population is because of three different factors:
1) the killing of elephants for their tusks(ivory), which is a highly valuable resource. This is the most influential factor on the decrease of their population.
2)desertification, a major cause of the disappearance of not only elephants, but many other species as well.
3) The most recent factor, which has not been always around, the conflict between humans and elephants for land. This is due to the massive growth of human population. Of course, there are many other reasons, like the availability of weapons, the apathy towards elephants because they sometimes destroy crops, untrained wildlife authorities and many more, but those three are the major ones.

The Asian elephants are smaller then their relatives in Africa. They live in higher areas and altitudes, like hills and mountains, even to 3600 m high, in habitats like thick jungles or plains with grass. It can be found in places like the Himalayas, mountains of China, Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, India and Indo-china. What is specific for these elephants is that the males begin to live a solitary life when they reach their sexual maturity, which is at about the age of 10-17 years. This is probably because they are still to young or weak to contribute to the reproduction and attracting older females, which achieve their sexual maturity at the age of 9-12 years. The females always live in family groups that consist of mother, daughters, sisters and immature males, which usually has about 30-50 members, although there can be found groups with even 100. They feed on grasses, branches, bark, flowers, fruits, and they even dig for roots such as bamboo.

Due to the technological advances in the 19th century, which were not likely here, but came from abroad, the population of the Asian elephants severely dropped. Their feeding grounds were destroyed or taken by humans, which is the biggest problem for the population. They were also killed because they destroyed crops, and for their tusks. The females do not have any tusks, so they were not killed for this reason, but extreme male hunting sometimes lead to a disturbed and problematic female:male elephant ratio.

http://endangered-species-1.com/endangered/endangered-elephants/

Asian and African Elephants

Asian and African Elephants

While Asian and African elephants may appear similar in appearance, there are many differences that separate these two types of elephants. Both types have physical characteristics and adaptations that differ, making them better suited to their individual habitats. Understanding the differences between African and Asian elephants can help you to understand how they survive in the wild and live in harmony with nature.

Weight & Height

The Asian elephant is the smaller of the two elephants, weighing in at 3.25 to 5.5 tons. The African elephant weighs between 5.5 and 7 tons, making it anywhere from 100-3,000 pounds heavier than an Asian elephant. The African elephant is also taller than the Asian elephant with a height of 10-13 feet. The Asian elephant is only 7-12 feet tall. The differences in size between the two types of elephants are likely due to their heritage and natural habitat.

Physical Characteristics & Adaptations

There are several differences in some of the characteristics and physical adaptations that Asian and African elephants have. The Asian elephant has smaller ears than its African counterpart even though they both serve to cool the elephant when it gets too warm. The African elephant has only three toes on each hind foot, but the Asian elephant has four toes on each of the hind feet. The African elephant's back is curved while the Asian elephant's back is humped. Both types of elephants use their trunks to help them with daily activities like bathing with water, eating, and communicating with other elephants. However, the African elephant has two extremities coming from the trunk while the Asian elephant only has one. Almost all African elephants have tusks, even the females. In contrast, most female Asian elephants do not have tusks. If they do, the tusks are barely visible.

Domestic Use

There is a big difference in how African and Asian elephants have been used for domestic purposes. Asian elephants have been used for domestic purposes for many centuries. The people of Asia often use elephants as ceremonial animals and may ride these elephants during special ceremonies. Some Asian elephants have been used as working elephants for help with milling and other industrial activities. Because elephants are so tall and heavy, they are often used in forestry to knock down small trees, brush, shrubs, and undergrowth to make it easier for foresting to take place.

Behavior

Asian and African elephants behave similarly, but because their bodies are different, there are some minor differences in behavior. While female African elephants have tusks and can cut down shrubs and trees, the female Asian elephant usually does not have tusks. This may change a female's behavior when she encounters obstacles on the migratory paths that groups of elephants travel together. The differences in physical adaptations on each type of elephant also make a difference in behavior.

Elephants are truly beautiful animals that are a joy to observe. If you're interested in learning more about nature and wildlife, elephants should be at the top of your list.

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The Plight of the Asian Elephants

Elephants and man have lived and worked alongside each other for centuries but this relationship is now in a state of flux. In particular, the Asian Elephant is now considered to be an endangered species. The impact is visible in Laos, once known as the 'Land of a Million Elephants', is now home to little over a thousand Elephants. According to the organization Elephant Family 'in another 30 years they could just vanish all together'.

How and why did this happen? There are a number of reasons:-

Loss of habitat is one reason. As civilization and industries expand, the Elephants natural jungle and forest homes have been shrinking at a rapid rate. In the fight for the land there have been injuries on both sides. The end result is that the Elephant herds, in some areas, have their pathway to food and water sources cut off. In some cases Elephants can be cut off from their herds. Neither result is a positive one for the Elephants.

Lack of breeding is another. As Elephants are worked to near exhaustion there is little time or inclination for them to breed and this is obviously directly impacting the number of Elephants. In addition the gestation and rearing of the baby calf can take between four to five years, having a 'worker' out of action for this length of time is not affordable to most farmers. With little breeding the number of Elephants will continue to dwindle and extinction would seem to be a likely outcome if not addressed.

We know the problem but what is being done to address this issue?

In Laos, an organization called the 'Elephant Conservation Center' has been established to address the breeding issue. At the Elephant Conservation Center pregnant Elephants return home to an idyllic jungle setting where they can be cared for. The gestation period for an Elephant is 22 months, so to encourage the farmers to rest their Elephants, the farmer is lent a hand tractor to do the work of the Elephant.

Following the birth the mother cares for the calf for up to three years. Both mother and calf are able to stay at the Conservation Center for another two years to assist to maintain the good health of both the mother and calf. The Elephants handler, or mahout, lives at the Elephant Conservation Center with the Elephants and are paid a salary for up to four years.

The Center is not only offering a breeding program for the Lao Elephant but it is also encouraging the farmers to rest their elephants, which also helps with breeding. This is a great step forward in resolving the plight of the Asian Elephant.

I love Elephants, do you?

For the past few year Gai has traveled the world photographing and writing about her experience. There has been a lot of fun along the way and a few mishaps also, but it is always fun. Read more about Laos where Gai visited the Elephant Conservation Center in 201109, there photo gallery is also that you may enjoy here.

Helping Abused and Orphaned Asian Elephants

Helping elephants is something that anyone who has a genuine interest in nature and the environment should try to do if they would like to help protect these beautiful animals and keep them from becoming extinct. Because of their habitats and the circumstances that they can encounter, Asian elephants often end up injured, abused, and orphaned. When this happens, they need human help to get them back to health and let them go back into the wild to try to survive on their own. Understanding how Asian elephants become injured, abused, and orphaned can help you to understand why helping elephants is so important.

Elephant Injuries

Elephants can sustain fairly serious injuries for a number of reasons. Males who are fighting for females during mating season can get hurt seriously due to the aggression displayed during breeding. If Asian elephants migrate into an area where there are land mines or other weapons, they may be injured with an explosion that burns their bodies or causes them to lose body parts. Other injuries may be sustained if an elephant is sick and can't get around as well as it normally does.

Elephant Abuse

Elephants can be abused by the people who keep them in captivity. Asian elephants that are kept in captivity are often subjected to horrific abuse from the people keeping them. They can be whipped and beaten and have punishments inflicted on them to make them behave or do what their owners want them to do. This abuse results in serious injuries and may make an elephant behave differently as a psychological response.

Orphaned Elephants

Orphaned elephants are young elephants that lose their mothers. This can happen if a mother elephant is critically injured or dies after her calf has been born. When orphaned elephants are too young to survive on their own, they need intervention from humans so that they can survive until they are old enough to go back into the wild and do it on their own.

Helping Asian Elephants

Helping elephants takes a lot of hard work by volunteers all over the world. While some volunteers work directly with the elephants at shelters and orphanages, there are also people all over the world who are raising money to keep these shelters going and working to make sure as many elephants can be helped as possible. Elephant orphanages have opened in Sri Lanka and other areas so that Asian elephants can be helped as much as possible. These orphanages are staffed by volunteers who work directly with the elephants. The elephants are kept in pens, so these pens must be cleaned each day. This means removing the elephant dung on a daily basis. These volunteers also bathe orphaned elephant calves, feed the elephants, and care for their injuries. As the elephants get stronger, they may be able to go back into the wild and try to survive on their own.

Helping elephants is an important cause that everyone should know more about. Do some research and you'll see how important it is to help Asian elephants.

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How Are We Helping Asian Elephants?

The Asian elephant is a magnificent animal, one, which has special significance for people all over the world. Weighing up to 5 tonnes and standing at a height of up to 3 metres they are the largest land animals in Asia with very few natural predators.

However due to a combination of pollution, encroachment and habitat destruction resulting from human activity, Conservationists believe there are now less than 30,000 Asian elephants left in the wild. Therefore this majestic animal which once roamed right across Asia finds itself on the endangered species list, meaning it faces the threat of extinction in the near future.

The Conservation Effort

The main focus of the conservation effort is on the elephants' habitat. Over recent years intensive logging and farming have resulted in huge swathes of forest leaving less than 15% of the original area. Ironically in some parts of Asia it is the elephants themselves that are used (by humans) to pull the huge logs out of the forest to be transported away.

Conservation charities have been working hard with local communities to halt the devastation. For example in Thailand, the superstitions of the Buddhist communities have been utilised as a way of saving the elephants of Chiang Mai province. By tying brightly coloured Buddhist cloth around trees, they are saved from being cut down because people believe that bad luck would result. This seemingly small program has proved extremely effective despite only being introduced a few years ago.

Green Shoots

As well as preventing trees from being cut down, conservationists have been planting new hard wood trees. These fast growing trees will help replenish the rainforest quicker so that Thailand's elephants can once again enjoy a larger area. Plans are also being developed to take similar programs across Asia to give back the natural environment.

Utilising Modern Technology

Modern technology such as chainsaws, heavy land moving equipment etc is largely responsible for the devastation to the rainforests but through the use of other modern technology conservationists hope to get ahead in their efforts to save the Asian elephant.

GPS trackers allow scientists and researcher to follow herds of wild elephants through the forests so they can gain a better understanding of their movements. Computer generated land models can be used to identify areas where the elephants could live and develop so their numbers are allowed to grow once more.

http://www.adoptananimal.co.uk/adopt-an-elephant/

Supporting conservation projects worldwide so that the magnificent Asian elephant has a chance of survival. Without our help this species which has roamed the earth for almost 7 million years could become extinct within the century.

The Two Species of Elephants & Their Differences

The two species of elephants are the Asian and the African elephants. There are distinctive differences between the two, which are highlighted below:

The African elephant is termed scientifically as Loxodonta africana and weighs between 4,000 and 7,000 kilograms. At shoulder height, the elephant can stand anywhere between 3 and 4 metres tall. Its skin has a more wrinkled appearance than that of the Asian elephant. It also has 21 pairs of ribs and its highest point is at the shoulder. The African elephant is easily recognised by its ears, which fan out in a distinctive shape over its shoulders and neck.

The shape of the African elephant's back is concave and the shape of its belly runs diagonally downwards towards its hind legs. The shape of its head is flattened on top, not crumpled and shows no visible humps or dents. The profile of the African elephant's molars are diamond shaped and the tusks are prevalent in both sexes, but larger in the males. The lower lip is short and round, the trunk more ringed and softer, and the trunk end has two fingers.

The Asian elephant weighs between 3,000 and 6,000kg and stands at a height of 2 - 3.5 metres. It has 20 pairs of ribs and has its highest point on the back, which is usually convex or straight. Its ears are much smaller than the African variety and the belly is either straight or sags slightly in the middle.

The head has a more crumpled appearance with a dent in the middle of the scull. The lower lip is long and tapered and the trunk has less rings and is harder, ending in one finger instead of two like African elephants. An interesting fact is that the two species cannot be interbred because of their vast genetic differences.

Find out more about Asian Elephants, including the Asian Elephant's endangered status.